Sovereignty can be defined as the freedom and power to govern the territory of a state without external control. The idea of sovereignty was originated from Jean bodin 1530-1590, a French political thinker and philosopher.
Features of sovereignty
1. Permanence:- sovereignty continue without interruption, it is a permanent body of the state which doesn't stop.
2. A sovereign state is free from external control.
3. Sovereignty is supreme and with coercive power of the state over the people living within in territory/state.
4. It power can not be restricted,it has legal power and it receive order from none.
Types of sovereignty.
1. Legal sovereignty:- The body who make and enforce law in a state is the legal sovereignty.
2. Internal sovereignty:- the supreme power of a state to make and enforce law within its territory.
3. External sovereignty:- the power of the state to exist, without interference or external control.
4. defacto sovereignty:- It refers to a group of people using force to make citizen obey their will, after overthrowing the legitimate sovereignty of a state. Eg. The Military in government.
5. Political sovereignty:- this is the body which his supreme in the state, the will is ultimately obey by the citizen of the state.
Location of sovereignty in a state.
1. Location in Federal state:- the constitution of a federal school is supreme and it recognize different authorities and with different power and function to exercise.
2. Location in Unitary state:- sovereignty reside with the central government.
3. In a monarch:- because they are custodian of custom and tradition in their society.
4. The electorate:- sovereignty reside with the electorate because they decide who rule them.
5. Location in Military regime:- sovereignty reside in the central decision making body of every military regime.
Limitations to sovereignty.
1. The constitution :- The constitution of some state is supreme,the constitution define how power is exercise by the various levels of government.
2. Public opinion
3. Resources
4. The electorate :- absence of human and material resources can put on hold the exercise of the state authority.
5. The military :- the military can limit the sovereignty of a state through force. They suspend the constitution of the state after talking over.
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